Functions of Conjunctions That Play a Vital Role in Grammar.

1. Co-coordinating Conjunction

1. She can sing ____ dance.

a. but

b. or

c. nor

d. for

Answer: b. She can sing or dance.

2. I tried to call you ____ you did not answer.

a. or

b. for

c. and

d. yet

Answer: c. I tried to call you and you did not answer.

3. He likes tea ____ coffee.

a. nor

b. but

c. or

d. for

Answer: c. He likes tea or coffee.

4. We could go to the park ____ stay home.

a. and

b. or

c. but

d. nor

Answer: b. We could go to the park or stay home.

5. She was tired ____ she stayed up late.

a. and

b. yet

c. for

d. but

Answer: a. She was tired and she stayed up late.

6. It was raining, ____ we went out anyway.

a. or

b. nor

c. but

d. for

Answer: c. It was raining, but we went out anyway.

7. He must be sick, ____ he is not at work.

a. and

b. for

c. nor

d. but

Answer: b. He must be sick, for he is not at work.

8. I wanted to buy the book ____ I didn’t have enough money.

a. or

b. but

c. nor

d. and

Answer: b. I wanted to buy the book but I didn’t have enough money.

9. They neither called ____ visited us.

a. or

b. nor

c. but

d. and

Answer: b. They neither called nor visited us.

10. She had to leave ____ take care of her sister.

a. or

b. but

c. and

d. for

Answer: c. She had to leave and take care of her sister.

2. Subordinating Conjunction

1. We waited at home ____ he arrived.

a. until

b. because

c. although

d. that

Answer: a. We waited at home until he arrived.

2. They won’t succeed ____ they work harder.

a. unless

b. because

c. while

d. that

Answer: a. They won’t succeed unless they work harder.

3. I didn’t go out ____ it was raining.

a. although

b. because

c. unless

d. since

Answer: b. I didn’t go out because it was raining.

4. ____ you study, you will pass the test.

a. Although

b. Because

c. If

d. Unless

Answer: c. If you study, you will pass the test.

5. She was upset ____ she failed the exam.

a. because

b. unless

c. although

d. since

Answer: a. She was upset because she failed the exam.

6. ____ he tried his best, he couldn’t win the race.

a. Although

b. Because

c. If

d. Unless

Answer: a. Although he tried his best, he couldn’t win the race.

7. We’ll go on a trip ____ the weather is good.

a. if

b. because

c. unless

d. although

Answer: a. We’ll go on a trip if the weather is good.

8. She can’t join us ____ she gets permission from her parents.

a. unless

b. because

c. if

d. although

Answer: a. She can’t join us unless she gets permission from her parents.

9. I was late ____ there was a lot of traffic.

a. because

b. if

c. although

d. unless

Answer: a. I was late because there was a

10. I was late ____ there was a lot of traffic.

a. because

b. if

c. although

d. unless

Answer: a. I was late because there was a lot of traffic.

11. ____ it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.

a. If

b. Because

c. Although

d. Unless

Answer: a. If it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.

3. Correlative Conjunction

1. Either you must start working harder ____ you will fail the course.

a. or

b. and

c. but

d. nor

Answer: a. Either you must start working harder or you will fail the course.

2. Both the cat ____ the dog are sleeping.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. Both the cat and the dog are sleeping.

3. Not only did he apologize ____ he also offered to help.

a. but also

b. and

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. Not only did he apologize but also he offered to help.

4. You must decide ____ to stay ____ to leave.

a. either, or

b. both, and

c. not only, but also

d. whether, or

Answer: a. You must decide either to stay or to leave.

5. She is ____ smart ____ hardworking.

a. both, and

b. either, or

c. neither, nor

d. not only, but also

Answer: a. She is both smart and hardworking.

6. Neither can he sing ____ can he dance.

a. nor

b. or

c. but

d. and

Answer: a. Neither can he sing nor can he dance.

7. You can have ____ the apple ____ the orange.

a. either, or

b. neither, nor

c. both, and

d. not only, but also

Answer: a. You can have either the apple or the orange.

8. ____ was he late, ____ did he fail to apologize.

a. Not only, but also

b. Either, or

c. Both, and

d. Neither, nor

Answer: a. Not only was he late, but also he did not apologize.

9. ____ you help me with this ____ not?

a. Whether, or

b. Either, or

c. Both, and

d. Neither, nor

Answer: a. Whether you help me with this or not.

10. She will attend the meeting ____ she will send a representative.

a. either, or

b. both, and

c. neither, nor

d. not only, but also

Answer: a. She will attend the meeting or she will send a representative.

4. Cumulative or Copulative Conjunction

1. He works hard ____ he might succeed.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. He works hard and he might succeed.

2. She bought apples ____ oranges from the market.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. She bought apples and oranges from the market.

3. They came, they saw, ____ they conquered.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. They came, they saw, and they conquered.

4. He reads ____ he writes every day.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. He reads and he writes every day.

5. She sings ____ dances in the concert.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. She sings and dances in the concert.

6. We need to clean up ____ get ready quickly.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. We need

7. We need to clean up ____ get ready quickly.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. We need to clean up and get ready quickly.

8. He enjoys reading books ____ listening to music.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. He enjoys reading books and listening to music.

9. She cooked dinner ____ prepared dessert.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. She cooked dinner and prepared dessert.

10. They studied hard ____ passed the exam.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. They studied hard and passed the exam.

11. He saves money ____ invests wisely.

a. and

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. He saves money and invests wisely.

5. Alternative Conjunction

1. You can either go by car ____ by bus.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. You can either go by car or by bus.

She must choose between tea ____ coffee.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. She must choose between tea or coffee.

2. Would you prefer chocolate ____ vanilla?

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. Would you prefer chocolate or vanilla?

3. You can either study now ____ watch TV later.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. You can either study now or watch TV later.

4. They could travel by train ____ by plane.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. They could travel by train or by plane.

5. You must decide to speak now ____ hold your peace.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. You must decide to speak now or hold your peace.

6. Eat your vegetables ____ you won’t get dessert.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. Eat your vegetables or you won’t get dessert.

7. He could join us for dinner ____ he can meet us later.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. He could join us for dinner or he can meet us later.

8. Choose to act ____ leave the stage.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. Choose to act or leave the stage.

9. Answer the question now ____ remain silent.

a. or

b. and

c. nor

d. but

Answer: a. Answer the question now or remain silent.

6. Adversative Conjunction

1. She wanted to go ____ it was too late.

a. but

b. and

c. or

d. nor

Answer: a. She wanted to go but it was too late.

2. He likes coffee ____ not black tea.

a. nor

b. but

c. or

d. yet

Answer: b. He likes coffee but not black tea.

3. The cake was delicious ____ too sweet.

a. and

b. or

c. but

d. nor

Answer: c. The cake was delicious but too sweet.

4. I tried to help ____ they refused.

a. or

b. yet

c. but

d. nor

Answer: c. I tried to help but they refused.

5.He was fast ____ not fast enough to win.

a. but

b. and

c. or

d. yet

Answer: a. He was fast but not fast enough to win.

6. She is very smart ____ somewhat lazy.

a. yet

b. but

c. or

d. nor

Answer: b. She is very smart but somewhat lazy.

7. The movie was interesting ____ a bit too long.

a. but

b. and

c. or

d. yet

Answer: a. The movie was interesting but a bit too long.

8. They were all excited to see the concert ____ the tickets were sold out.

a. but

b. and

c. or

d. yet

Answer: a. They were all excited to see the concert but the tickets were sold out.

9. The car is quite reliable ____ needs some minor repairs.

a. but

b. and

c. or

d. yet

Answer: a. The car is quite reliable but needs some minor repairs.

10. She studies hard ____ often feels unprepared.

a. but

b. and

c. or

d. yet

Answer: a. She studies hard but often feels unprepared.

7. Illative Conjunction

1. The road was slippery, ____ there were many accidents.

a. therefore

b. but

c. or

d. and

Answer: a. The road was slippery, therefore there were many accidents.

2. She passed all her exams, ____ she graduated with honors.

a. therefore

b. but

c. and

d. hence

Answer: d. She passed all her exams, hence she graduated with honors.

3. They gave their best performance, ____ they won the competition.

a. thus

b. but

c. or

d. therefore

Answer: a. They gave their best performance, thus they won the competition.

4. He forgot to set his alarm, ____ he was late to the meeting.

a. therefore

b. but

c. and

d. hence

Answer: a. He forgot to set his alarm, therefore he was late to the meeting.

5. It rained heavily last night, ____ the ground is still wet.

a. therefore

b. but

c. hence

d. thus

Answer: c. It rained heavily last night, hence the ground is still wet.

6. The company has been making profits, ____ it will expand next year.

a. thus

b. but

c. or

d. therefore

Answer: a. The company has been making profits, thus it will expand next year.

7. They have all the necessary qualifications, ____ they easily got the job.

a. therefore

b. but

c. and

d. hence

Answer: d. They have all the necessary qualifications, hence they easily got the job.

8. Traffic was heavy, ____ the commute took longer than expected.

a. therefore

b. but

c. or

d. thus

Answer: d. Traffic was heavy, thus the commute took longer than expected.

9. He did not study at all, ____ he failed the exam.

a. therefore

b. but

c. and

d. thus

Answer: a. He did not study at all, therefore he failed the exam.

10. The team worked efficiently, ____ the project was completed ahead of schedule.

a. therefore

b. but

c. and

d. thus

Answer: d. The team worked efficiently, thus the project was completed ahead of schedule.

8. Apposition

1. My brother, ____ is a doctor, lives in New York.

a. who

b. that

c. which

d. whom

Answer: a. My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.

2. The novel “War and Peace”, ____ is considered a masterpiece, was written by Tolstoy.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. whom

Answer: b. The novel “War and Peace”, which is considered a masterpiece, was written by Tolstoy.

3. Mozart, ____ was a prolific composer, lived in the 18th century.

a. who

b. that

c. which

d. whom

Answer: a. Mozart, who was a prolific composer, lived in the 18th century.

4. The city of Paris, ____ is known for its culture, attracts millions of tourists.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. where

Answer: b. The city of Paris, which is known for its culture, attracts millions of tourists.

5. His painting “Starry Night”, ____ hangs in the museum, is very famous.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. where

Answer: b. His painting “Starry Night”, which hangs in the museum, is very famous.

6. Albert Einstein, ____ developed the theory of relativity, won a Nobel Prize.

a. who

b. that

c. which

d. whom

Answer: a. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, won a Nobel Prize.

7. The book you lent me, ____ was very engaging, helped me understand history better.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. where

Answer: b. The book you lent me, which was very engaging, helped me understand history better.

8. The restaurant, ____ is located downtown, serves excellent seafood.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. where

Answer: b. The restaurant, which is located downtown, serves excellent seafood.

9. Her essay, ____ won the first prize, was about environmental conservation.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. whom

Answer: b. Her essay, which won the first prize, was about environmental conservation.

10. The Treaty of Versailles, ____ ended World War I, was signed in 1919.

a. that

b. which

c. who

d. where

Answer: b. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, was signed in 1919.

9. Cause or Reason

1. He stayed home ____ he was feeling sick.

a. because

b. although

c. unless

d. if

Answer: a. He stayed home because he was feeling sick.

2. She didn’t come to the party ____ she had a prior engagement.

a. since

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: d. She didn’t come to the party because she had a prior engagement.

3. They canceled the trip ____ it was raining heavily.

a. since

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. They canceled the trip since it was raining heavily.

4. ____ there was a lot of traffic, we arrived late.

a. Since

b. Although

c. Unless

d. Because

Answer: a. Since there was a lot of traffic, we arrived late.

5. She accepted the job offer ____ it offered a great salary.

a. because

b. although

c. unless

d. if

Answer: a. She accepted the job offer because it offered a great salary.

6. We postponed the meeting ____ several key members were unavailable.

a. since

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. We postponed the meeting since several key members were unavailable.

7. They are moving to a new city ____ they want a change of environment.

a. because

b. although

c. unless

d. if

Answer: a. They are moving to a new city because they want a change of environment.

8.____ the storm, the event was canceled.

a. Because of

b. Although

c. Unless

d. Since

Answer: a. Because of the storm, the event was canceled.

9. We must leave now ____ we’ll miss our flight.

a. because

b. although

c. unless

d. if

Answer: a. We must leave now because we’ll miss our flight.

10.I couldn’t sleep ____ I was worried about the exam.

a. because

b. although

c. unless

d. if

Answer: a. I couldn’t sleep because I was worried about the exam.

10. Purpose

1. He saved money ____ he could buy a new car.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. He saved money so that he could buy a new car.

2. We left early ____ we would not miss the beginning of the movie.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. We left early so that we would not miss the beginning of the movie.

3. She is studying hard ____ she can pass her exams.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. She is studying hard so that she can pass her exams.

4. I took an umbrella ____ I wouldn’t get wet.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. I took an umbrella so that I wouldn’t get wet.

5. They are hiring more staff ____ they can increase production.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. They are hiring more staff so that they can increase production.

6. Turn down the music ____ the neighbors won’t complain.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. Turn down the music so that the neighbors won’t complain.

7. Speak clearly ____ everyone can understand you.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. Speak clearly so that everyone can understand you.

8. Write down the directions ____ you don’t get lost.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. Write down the directions so that you don’t get lost.

9. She worked overtime ____ she could afford the trip

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. She worked overtime so that she could afford the trip.

10. He studies every night ____ he can maintain his grades.

a. so that

b. although

c. unless

d. because

Answer: a. He studies every night so that he can maintain his grades.

11. Concession

1.____ it was raining, we still went hiking.

a. Although

b. Because

c. Unless

d. Since

Answer: a. Although it was raining, we still went hiking.

2. She went to work ____ she felt unwell.

a. although

b. because

c. unless

d. so that

Answer: a. She went to work although she felt unwell.

3.____ I understand your point, I don’t agree with it.

a. Although

b. Because

c. Unless

d. Since

Answer: a. Although I understand your point, I don’t agree with it.

4. He is happy here ____ he misses his family.

a. although

b. because

c. unless

d. so that

Answer: a. He is happy here although he misses his family.

5.____ the difficulty, she completed the task.

a. Despite

b. Because

c. Unless

d. So that

Answer: a. Despite the difficulty, she completed the task.

6. They decided to buy the house ____ its high cost.

a. despite

b. because

c. unless

d. so that

Answer: a. They decided to buy the house despite its high cost.

7. ____ he was late, he stopped to buy coffee.

a. Although

b. Because

c. Unless

d. Since

Answer: a. Although he was late, he stopped to buy coffee.

8. We enjoyed the picnic ____ the cold weather.

a. despite

b. because

c. unless

d. so that

Answer: a. We enjoyed the picnic despite the cold weather.

9. She will attend the meeting ____ her busy schedule.

a. despite

b. because

c. unless

d. so that

Answer: a. She will attend the meeting despite her busy schedule.

10.He smiled ____ his disappointment.

a. despite

b. because

c. unless

d. so that

Answer: a. He smiled despite his disappointment.

12. Condition

1. We will go swimming ____ it doesn’t rain.

a. if

b. although

c. because

d. unless

Answer: a. We will go swimming if it doesn’t rain.

2. You can borrow my car ____ you return it by tonight.

a. if

b. although

c. because

d. unless

Answer: a. You can borrow my car if you return it by tonight.

3. She will be upset ____ you don’t tell her the truth.

a. unless

b. if

c. although

d. because

Answer: b. She will be upset if you don’t tell her the truth.

4.____ you study, you will not pass the exam.

a. Unless

b. If

c. Although

d. Because

Answer: a. Unless you study, you will not pass the exam.

5. They will arrive on time ____ there is no traffic.

a. if

b. unless

c. although

d. because

Answer: a. They will arrive on time if there is no traffic.

13. Comparison

1. She is as tall ____ her sister.

a. as

b. like

c. than

d. to

Answer: a. She is as tall as her sister.

2. He runs faster ____ anyone else in the team.

a. than

b. as

c. like

d. to

Answer: a. He runs faster than anyone else in the team.

3. This exam is just as hard ____ the last one.

a. as

b. than

c. like

d. to

Answer: a. This exam is just as hard as the last one.

4. Her cooking is better ____ mine.

a. than

b. as

c. like

d. to

Answer: a. Her cooking is better than mine.

5. It tastes more like chicken ____ fish.

a. than

b. as

c. like

d. to

Answer: c. It tastes more like chicken than fish.

6. His approach is different ____ ours.

a. than

b. as

c. like

d. to

Answer: a. His approach is different than ours.

7. They work as efficiently ____ we do.

a. as

b. than

c. like

d. to

Answer: a. They work as efficiently as we do.

14. Manner Conjunctions

1. She dances _______ she has been professionally trained.

a.as

b. since

c. because

d. like

Answer: d. She dances like she has been professionally trained.

2.He speaks _______ he knows the subject well.

1. as if
2. though
3. after
4. when

Answer: a. He speaks as if he knows the subject well.

3. They reacted _______ they had expected the news.

1. as though
2. because
3. unless
4. while

Answer: a. They reacted as though they had expected the news.

4.She handled the situation _______ she was an expert.

1. as if
2. since
3. for
4. until

Answer: a. She handled the situation as if she were an expert.

5. He acts _______ he owns the place.

1. like
2. after
3. if
4. since

Answer: a. He acts like he owns the place.

6. They whisper _______ they are in a library.

1. as though
2. until
3. because
4. if

Answer: a. They whisper as though they are in a library.

7. She sings _______ she is on stage.

1. as if
2. while
3. because
4. unless

Answer: a. She sings as if she is on stage.

8. He saves money _______ he plans to travel the world.

1. as if
2. since
3. because
4. like

Answer: c. He saves money because he plans to travel the world.

9. They treat him _______ he were family.

1. as though
2. when
3. if
4. for

Answer: a. They treat him as though he were family.

10.She smiles _______ she hears good news.

1. as if
2. because
3. unless
4. like

Answer: a. She smiles as if she hears good news.

15. Time Conjunction

1. I will call you _______ I arrive.

1. when
2. unless
3. because
4. as though

Answer: a. I will call you when I arrive.

2. She studied _______ it was late.

1. while
2. since
3. because
4. until

Answer: d. She studied until it was late.

3. We waited _______ the rain stopped.

1. until
2. as if
3. though
4. since

Answer: a. We waited until the rain stopped.

4. They played games _______ the sunset.

1. while
2. unless
3. as though
4. because

Answer: a. They played games while the sunset.

5. He reads _______ he commutes.

1. while
2. as though
3. because
4. until

Answer: a. He reads while he commutes.

6. We’ll start the meeting _______ everyone is here.

1. as soon as
2. because
3. like
4. though

Answer: a. We’ll start the meeting as soon as everyone is here.

7. She calls her mother _______ she needs advice.

1. whenever
2. because
3. though
4. like

Answer: a. She calls her mother whenever she needs advice.

8. They go hiking _______ the weather is good.

1. whenever
2. because
3. until
4. as though

Answer: a. They go hiking whenever the weather is good.

9. He stayed at work _______ he finished the report.

1. until
2. though
3. because
4. whenever

Answer: a. He stayed at work until he finished the report.

10.We listen to music _______ we clean the house.

1. while
2. unless
3. because
4. as though

Answer: a. We listen to music while we clean the house.

16.Effect Conjunction

1. He studied hard _______ he could pass the exam.

1. so that
2. as though
3. unless
4. while

Answer: a. He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.

2. They saved money _______ they could buy a house.

1. so that
2. because
3. while
4. unless

Answer: a. They saved money so that they could buy a house.

3. She worked extra hours _______ she could afford the trip.

1. so that
2. because
3. until
4. as if

Answer: a. She worked extra hours so that she could afford the trip.